WWE Stock Presentation :: essays research papers

World Wrestling Entertainment, INC Organization Overviewâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â World Wrestling Entertainment, INC. is an incorporated media and diversion organization fundamentally occupied with the turn of events, creation and advertising of TV programming, live occasions and the authorizing and offer of purchaser items highlighting the WWE brand. WWE has been engaged with the games diversion business for more than twenty years and has formed wrestling into one of the most famous types of amusement. Financial drivers stay down from verifiable levels. In 2003, WWE made two separate significant TV projects, Raw and Smackdown!, each with it’s own story lines and ability. This was done to make two visiting organizations and increment the quantity of live occasions and gives the possibility to increment to the commitment of the amusement business. WWE simply needs an ideal opportunity to create the planned commercial center outcomes. The organization reliably holds the value of being the main normal show on satellite TV with Raw on Monday evenings on TNN, and Smackdown! Is the most elevated appraised appear on UPN. It show on Thursdays. Incomes comprise mainly of participation at live occasions, offer of TV promoting time and sponsorships; residential and universal TV rights expenses, pay-per-see buys and direct offer of product. Stock for WWE can be bought through any financier or internet contributing assistance. Essentials and expenses will change. Financial specialists Choice Plan empowers investors to buy shares and reinvest the money profits paid on shares. For as long as nine weeks stock costs for World Wrestling Entertainment, INC have varied between a high of $14.40 toward the finish of April to a low of $11.52 towards the finish of May. For the long stretch of June stock costs varied between $12.37 for a low and $13.45 for a high. Albeit stock costs are not as steady as the partnership had trusted, it anticipates that working benefits should dramatically increase from the earlier year. WWE foresees income of $375 million, contrasted and $374 million in the earlier year. It expects working pay of $73 million, up from $27 million per year sooner. Net gain should go between $44 million and $48 million, or 64 pennies to 70 pennies an offer, contrasted and an overal deficit of $19 million, or 28 pennies an offer, a year sooner. I accept the partnership and supervisory group of World Wrestling Entertainment, INC has done a ton for its fans. In addition to the fact that WWE provides live and broadcast amusement, they additionally engage in issues that are significant in the lives of their fans.

SAM 451 UNIT 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 451 UNIT 5 - Assignment Example lso demonstrates that the cholera events have likewise been legitimately hampering the travel industry in Cuba, which contributed around 2.5 billion to the US economy in 2011 (Orsi, â€Å"US issues warning for Cuba over cholera cases†). As the report straightforwardly shows the interrelation between cholera cases and the travel industry improvement of the Cuban economy, it tends to be alluded as innovative measurements. Another factual report, distributed in the article titled, â€Å"ACT: Third of secondary school graduates not school ready†, proposes expanding pattern of secondary school graduate understudies interpreting their reluctance to set off for college. As indicated by the most recent review, it was discovered that 31% of the understudies in the US are not all set to school, principally attributable to their instructive lacunas of learning and applying at the school level. The article additionally revealed that this decrease in students’ eagerness to set off for college, may in future grow the hole between students’ observations and capacities with that of the anticipated activity measurements (Elliott, â€Å"ACT: Third of secondary school graduates not school ready†). Subsequently, irregular characteristics in the US society may be made owing changes in the activity showcase, as a result of students’ reluctance to seek after school level investigations. This likewise addresses an imaginative field of financial turn of events, and in this way can be asserted as an inventive insights delineation. Elliott, Philip. ACT: Third of secondary school graduates not school prepared. The Associated Press, 2013. Web. 24 May 2013.

How to Write a Good Deductive Essay

How to Write a Good Deductive EssayWriting a good deductive essay is not very easy. But with the right kind of steps, you can take it from being a task to a lot easier task. If you are like most students and want to write an essay, which will win an exam for you or be a showcase for your course work, then you must pay attention to the following tips. By following these tips, you will not only help you pass your test but also improve your writing skills.The first tip is to come up with a good insight into the topic of the essay. You must write on the topic in a proper way so that the readers would be able to find things out about the topic through your essay. A good example would be if you have written an essay on German and you want your readers to learn more about Germany, you can be a little bit funny, in a negative sense of course.You must write a topic that you are familiar with or one that you know very well and would be able to explain logically. This will help you improve your ability to write a deductive essay. You can also use the same method if you know that there is some kind of question that needs to be answered by your topic. It will help you eliminate the guess and will make your task much easier.When writing a topic, it is best to find a different issue or idea from your current topic to make sure that the topic is unique and it stands out above other topics. For example, if you have already written an essay on literature, try to write an essay on morals, education, politics or philosophy. These are things that many people have not thought of or discussed in their life.When writing an essay, the first thing you must do is to come up with a logical sequence of ideas and sentences that would serve as your background and ideas. It is important that this order of ideas and sentences is done in such a way that the flow of the essay would be logical. Doing this will help you keep your focus and will help you write a coherent sentence which would outlin e your topic.It is also important that you know how to use all the techniques that are necessary in writing an essay. There are many writing tutorials that can help you with this. You can read these tutorials on the internet or from a tutor who is also a good writer.Aside from the techniques, you need to be careful in some of the minor details. You need to have good grammar, spelling and punctuation to help ensure that the content of your essay would flow nicely. Aside from this, you also need to know what kind of grammar rules to follow and when these rules should be broken.You need to be as precise as possible when writing a topic. Remember that the goal of a good essay is to help your readers understand the topic of the essay.

Accounting Hw1 - 1167 Words

15.515: Financial Accounting Fall 2012 Problem Set 2 Question 1. Understanding Walmart’s financial statements In this homework we will ask you a series of questions related to revenue recognition based on Wal-Mart 2012’s Annual Report (posted on Stellar ~/Materials/Financial statements used / discussed in class). The goal is to become familiar with real financial statements. 1. How much net sales did Walmart generate for the fiscal period ending on January 31, 2012? $443,854M 2. What was the balance of Walmart’s accounting receivables as of January 31, 2012? $5,937M 3. What was the balance of Walmart’s allowance for doubtful accounts (ADA) as of January 31, 2012? $323M 4. Assume that Walmart wrote-off†¦show more content†¦Throughout this question, ignore all of Groupon’s costs other than the $150 paid to the merchant. The offer is announced on August 1st and it requires 100 customers to purchase the deal so that the deal goes through. For all of the questions below, if no transaction should be recorded, please explain why. 1. On August 2nd, there are 50 customers that agreed to purchase the deal. Based on Groupon’s revenue recognition policy described above, use the balance sheet equation (BSE) to record the transaction that Groupon would record on that date. No transaction, because the â€Å"gt;100 customer† criteria hasn’t been met. 2. On August 5th, Groupon has sold 200 Rock Climbing packages for cash. Based on Groupon’s revenue recognition policy described above, use the balance sheet equation (BSE) to record the transaction that Groupon would record on that date. In recording this transaction, assume that Groupon does not pay the merchant until a later date. Asset Liability Equity Cash A/P R/E +60k +30k +30k Below is an excerpt from Groupon’s 2011 Annual Report posted on Stellar ~/Materials/Financial statements used / discussed in class)) about its merchant payment policy. ------------------------------------------------- Merchant Payments ------------------------------------------------- Under the redemption payment model, which we utilize in most of our international operations in conformity with local market practice, merchantsShow MoreRelatedInvestment Analysis Course4863 Words   |  20 PagesUNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSSETS DARTMOUTH College of Business Department of Accounting and Finance Fall 2011 COURSE: Investment Analysis, FIN 383-Section 01, TR 12:30-1:45 Class location: Science Engr 118 PREREQUISITES: FIN 312 and junior standing INSTRUCTOR: Duong Nguyen, Ph.D. Office Room 220, College of Business Phone (508) 999 – 8070 Email dnguyen2@umassd.edu Tuesday 3:30-5:00 pm Thursday 3:30-5:00 pm Wednesday 11:00-12:00 and 1-5pm and also by appointment OFFICE HOURS: COURSE DESCRIPTION

Descriptive Essay about Nature. How to Express Natures Beauty Best

There are so many aspects in the world of flora and fauna that expressing its gorgeousness by means of printed words might take hours, days, weeks, even months and still it wont be enough! Well point out the key elements you should stick to while producing this type of essays. Lets begin! The easiest way to work on an essay is to describe what you already know. The nature stuff is no different. In case youre a big city resident, the museum of natural history or the nearest zoo will be a perfect place to get detailed information on nature. Plenty of possibilities are waiting for you in your own back yard or in the city park! If you have an opportunity to admire springtime in your grandpas farm, watching goats, horses and chickens going through their everyday life it will certainly make your project more alive! If youre offered to observe how the offspring is delivered do not hesitate to describe it within your assignment! Reproduction is what impresses us the most in all living creatures and it will add up more special effects to what you have to say about the world of nature. Farms are perfect to observe the world of greenery, from a tiny seed to abundant harvest! Any time of the year will provide you with a lot of inspiration for a solid essay about natures beauty. Just take a walk along a summer beach and listen to the sounds of the sea. Wander through the woods to observe the life cycle that makes natures so breath-taking. Autumn leaves turn to red and orange, and slowly fall to the ground, making an amazing carpet. Winter takes you to the fantasy world with the first snowflakes, if you know how to look at them! It feels like the current of life stops under the snow blanket to be born once again with the first warmth of the spring sun! Spring will let you display the beauty of nature in the most favorable view! Trees and plants refresh the air with fantastic and wonderfully intoxicating perfumes the likes of which you cannot be found anywhere else. If you prefer to get information from your own impressions your project will always turn to be inspiring and full of life. Nature, after all, is a really intriguing and wonderful topic from the first paragraph to the last dot!

Analysis Of Paul Lisicky s A Little Murder And Bunny

Paul Lisicky is an American author who bases many of his stories on human struggles, death, and anger. He is known for his fiction and his memoirs. Lisicky was born and raised in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. He earned his master’s degree in English from Rutgers. He has taught creative writing at several universities, such as New York University, Sarah Lawrence College, and Cornell University. Lisicky has received many awards from the National Endowment for the Arts, the James Michener/Copernicus Society and the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown. Lisicky stories have become quite popular, such as â€Å"Beachtown†, â€Å"A Little Murder†, and â€Å"BUNNY†. They are all completely different stories, which do not relate to one another, but they are all equally good stories to read. Lisicky focuses on stories that have a very dark and complicated life. Character One of Lisicky writing piece who has a strong connection to character development was â€Å"Beachtown† talks about a lady named, Ruby. Ruby is the main character and according to the story, there is evidence that she might be someone who thinks negatively about everything in the world. An example of her thoughts would be in the first few sentences, â€Å"The birds can go elsewhere. The maritime forest? Let it burn to the ground. The palms along the causeway can go up with it. The spiders, the fleas, the rats, the snakes: any living creature that lives in the leaves. They can burn up too.†( At the end of her thinking process, Lisicky

Early Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Early Renaissance Essay Early Renaissance Early Renaissance: Music, Architecture, Paint! The Early Renaissance followed the middle ages and was from 1400 to 1600 time period. The Early Renaissances were mainly located in Italy, but they are also located in most of Europe. In this area Music, architecture, and painting became very huge ideas. The literal meaning of the word Renaissance is rebirth. The idea of rebirth applies to the music of this period. A main characteristic was the rebirth of humanism, which is a way of looking at our world, emphasizing the importance of human beings, their nature, and their place in the world. We will write a custom essay on Early Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now During the Early Renaissance vocal music was more important than instrumental music, and composers during that period wrote music to enhance the meaning and emotion of the work. Renaissance composers often used word painting, a musical representation of specific human emotions. Word painting was used in madrigals, which is a piece that matches the word of the song with a musical setting. (Early Renaissance 2) For example if the text had words like Rising, flying or soaring then the music would be fast upward scales. (Stockade, Marilyn and Michael W. Scooter) The Protestant Reformation actually helped the Catholic Church begin to let the Mass become more active with polyphonic hymns. The musical boundaries were expanded because the invention of printing led to a larger distribution of the text. Even though the church grew towards easier hymns music still gradually move to a secular way of creating music. . Music is an ever-evolving genre and the Renaissance showed that in a matter of 200 years one could create new volumes of the Mass and still come to understanding that secular songs can be a part of worshiping. From plainchant to polyphony then to homophony are very big steps in the way of Just rhythm and flow. The Renaissance had many artists that provided visual motivation for many composers to write great pieces of art. One of the most influential artists was Leonardo dad Vinci who is still famous 500 years later. He helped to create three- dimensional representation and started to work with oils that showed off the lighting and shades of great art. The talent was so large that he could create a self-portrait with such detail, that many thought that he couldnt have painted it himself. One of Leonardo dad Vines great works of art is the Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa is one of the most iconic paintings in our world today; even though t was painted in the sixteenth century. The painting is a half-length portrait painting and depicts a woman whose facial expression is frequently described as enigmatic. Some also believe that the slight smile is an indication that the figure is hiding a Through the paintings of the Early Renaissance time period; you could see many great things beginning. They showed how they used the skill of color. To make things more detailed. They also began to use textures, shapes, space to enhance their pieces of art. Some areas of the Renaissance; when painting would express the tartar world, as well as the spiritual and social systems in the world at their time. As the time of the Renaissance went on they began to enhance their work by making them more lifelike, and using greater detail in the living things in their work. During this time is when the painting style of Flemish began. Flemish style of painting is expressing meticulous detail, as well as spiritual power. One of the most famous Flemish paintings is the Emerged Altarpiece. The piece is 2 feet tall by 3 feet wide, which is quite small piece of work. The annunciation of the painting shows aspects of a normal household, that many feel are religious meanings as well. An example of the religious values in the painting is the lilies on the table, this represent Marry virginity. Another example is the hanging water pot. The pot represents Marry purity as well as her role in the incarnation of god in Christ. (Stockade, Marilyn, and Michael W. .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .postImageUrl , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:hover , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:visited , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:active { border:0!important; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:active , .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660 .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9f88df7da24a9a79a5a31534e3af3660:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance and Baroque comparisonScooter pig. 294-295) The painting also have numerous other symbolizing ideas. Most painters in this time would disguise their symbols. The meaning of the symbols to the person looking at the painting would always be obvious; due to the religious aspect of the painting. (Stockade, Marilyn, and Michael W. Scooter pig. 97) Although painting was a huge aspect of the renaissance it wasnt the only. Architecture was also a huge aspect in their time period. One of the most famous works of architecture is the Dome of Florence Cathedral. The original plans for the dome were approved in 1294, but they ran into some political view issues. The issues stopped the work on the dome until 1357, what is there today is what was mostly constructed in 1357. (Stockade, Marilyn, and Michael W. Scooter pig. 307) The dome represents a gothic construction based on the pointed arch. The dome uses internal ribs to support the vault. It has an octagonal outer shell and lower inner shell, which are connected through a series of horizontal sandstone rings. (Stockade, Marilyn, and Michael W. Scooter pig. 306) When they were constructing the dome they built it layer by layer, because each section of the dome reinforces another part. To this day the dome has no external support keeping it up; this Just goes to show how great the interior structure of the dome is. Also to this day, the dome still is the source of tremendous local pride for the many people. Although music, painting, and architecture were huge for the Early Renaissance it wasnt the only thing. Tapestries were also huge during the time of the Early Renaissance. A tapestry is a textile fabric with pictures or designs formed by weaving colored weft threads or by embroidering on canvas. They were used for wall insulation as well as for decoration. You would find them mostly on castle, church, or municipal building walls. Tapestries were much more expensive than a painting; so this would also show how wealthy a person was. Very few times were tapestries made from Just wool; they were often made from gold and silver colored silk that metals back. That is why to this day not many tapestries are around. Throughout many different tapestries were numerous amounts of symbols for things. The Early Renaissance had many great tapestries, but one of their greatest is the series of Hunt for the Unicorn. The best example is Unicorn is Found. Due to the great condition the tapestry was kept, we are able to see the great color fabrics and the foliage of it. The unicorn is seen as a horse like figure that is very fast. It was also only to be captured by a virgin. The unicorns horn was believed to be an anecdote for poison. For example in the tapestry the unicorn dips his horn into the stream to riff the water that is in the fountain. The animal symbol in this tapestry became a symbol of incarnation and a symbol for romantic love. (Stockade, Marilyn, and Michael W. Scooter pig. 303) Throughout the Early Renaissance time period were many great ideas from, tapestry, music, painting, to Architecture. Just look at our world today; we still have all of these things. They may not be quite the same as they were back then, but the Early Renaissance set the structure for all those ideas. All of those ideas even today are evolving, and they will forever be evolving. The Early Renaissance time was where it had all began.

As a piece of Statistics coursework Essay Example

As a piece of Statistics coursework Essay As a piece of Statistics coursework, I have decided to compare two items of data, in order to prove, or disprove my theory: A countrys position in the Commonwealth games varies accordingly to that countrys population size.My theory is that a countrys position in something such as the Olympics or Commonwealth Games is proportional to that countrys population size. I say this because I believe that if a country has a large population, there will be more potential athletes to choose from.I am doing this because I would be genuinely interested in finding out whether or not this theory is true, and I believe that it is a theory that many people reading this essay would be curious in finding out. In addition, I am comparing the results from the Commonwealth Games, instead of something as renowned as the Olympic games because the Commonwealth Games are dominated by countries with very different traditions and cultures. Conversely, countries that dominate the Olympic games are countries such as France, England, or Germany, and are all countries that live a very western way of life similar to ours.In order to do the comparisons that I will need to make properly, I will use three different occasions of the Commonwealth Games, and then make an average for the number of medals awarded for each country. I will use the most recent of games 2002, 1998 and 1994. I will do this, as the data collected from these three games, will contain the data from each of the countries that enter, since in the first games in 1930, only a fraction of the countries that enter now entered. I will also use fifty different countries in order to give me a large enough sample size to make an accurate conclusion. Unfortunately though, all of the data that I will be collecting will be secondary data and not primary data as all of the data that I need is on the Internet.Firstly however, I must do a pilot test with ten samples in order to judge whether the data is suitable enough to be used.To find th is data, I went on the Internet and used an Internet search engine to find the Commonwealth Games official website. Fortunately, several answers came up, with one website having all of the data which I required. However, this data was unusable to me, as I had to sort it. Below is what the data looked like in its original form from the website www.commonwealthgames.com:CountryMedals WonGoldSilverBronzeTotalAustralia826263207Bahamas4048Bangladesh1001Barbados0011Botswana0213Cameroon91212Canada314144116Cayman Islands0011Cyprus2114England545160165Fiji1113Ghana0011Guyana1001India30221769Jamaica46717Kenya48416Lesotho0011Malaysia791834Malta0011Mauritius0011Mozambique1001Namibia1045Nauru25815New Zealand11132145Nigeria531119Northern Ireland2215Pakistan1348Samoa0123Scotland681630Singapore42713South Africa9201746St. Kitts1001St. Lucia0011Tanzania1012Trinidad ; Tobago0101Uganda0202Wales6131231Zambia1113Zimbabwe1102As you can see, all of this data is not sorted in a manner that is usable to me. S o therefore, I will sort it into descending order, using Excel, by the total number of medals awarded. Since I will not need the data for the amount of gold, silver and bronze medals awarded to each country, I will delete those columns and have merely the total number of medals.Below is the sorted data:CountryNo. Medals AwardedAustralia207England165Canada116India69South Africa46New Zealand45Malaysia34Wales31Scotland30Nigeria19Jamaica17Kenya16Nauru15Singapore13Cameroon12Bahamas8Pakistan8Namibia5Northern Ireland5Cyprus4Botswana3Fiji3Samoa3Zambia3Tanzania2Uganda2Zimbabwe2Bangladesh1Barbados1Cayman Islands1Ghana1Guyana1Lesotho1Malta1Mauritius1Mozambique1St. Kitts1St. Lucia1Trinidad ; Tobago1As you can see, all of the data that I collected contains integers, instead of decimals, since you cannot have a fraction of a medal. This is ideal considering that there will be, as a consequence, no rounding error in totalling the average amount of medals awarded to each country in the collecting o f data from three of the games.Unfortunately, I soon realised after glancing at this data, that the data that I collected does not contain the data for all of the countries that enter the Commonwealth Games. Only thirty-nine countries were mentioned although I needed at least fifty different countries in order to give me a large enough sample size, and since I knew that there were more than fifty countries that enter the Commonwealth Games.In order to get the data for all of the countries that enter, I had to go to another section of that website. However, I couldnt get all of the countries in a list, they simply gave me a listing of the countries by locality. In addition, it was impossible to copy and paste the data, so I had to type each one out individually. Below is an example of how the data was originally shown on screen:As you can see, the information was split up into six different localities Asia, Oceania, Europe, Caribbean and Americas. Once I had typed down the name of e ach country, I had all of the data that I needed. Below is a copy of the completed list of countries that I found:AnguillaAntigua BarbudaAustraliaBahamasBangladeshBarbadosBelizeBermudaBotswanaBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiCameroonCanadaCayman IslandsCook IslandsCyprusDominicaEnglandFalkland IslandsFijiGambiaGhanaGibraltarGrenadaGuernseyGuyanaIndiaIsle of ManJamaicaJerseyKenyaKiribatiLesothoMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaltaMauritiusMontserratMozambiqueNamibiaNauruNew ZealandNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandsNorthern IrelandPakistanPapua New GuineaSamoaScotlandSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSolomon IslandsSouth AfricaSri LankaSt HelenaSt KittsSt LuciaSt Vincent The GrenadinesSwazilandTanzaniaTongaTrinidad TobagoTurks CalcosTuvaluUgandaVanuatuWalesZambiaZimbabweInserting the missing data was easy since presumably, all of the countries that they neglected to mention, obtained no medals. In addition, the countries that are there total seventy-two, which is easily the amount of samples that I require . Regardless of the countries getting no medals, they are still valid sample units as zero is still a number.But before any comparison in this exercise can be made I must find each countrys population size. To do this, I will go on the World Factbooks website http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html that I obtained from the Internet search engine Ask Jeeves.After viewing the website, I discovered that it told me any data that I wanted for any country in the world. All I had to do was select the country that I wanted the data to be displayed for. Therefore, I searched for each of the countries individually and then recording the population in Excel to be sorted later.Below is the data that I collected from The World Factbooks website after I found the missing countries, sorted in alphabetical order:CountryPopulation (recorded in 2002)Anguilla12,446Antigua ; Barbuda67,448Australia19,546,792Bahamas300,529Bangladesh133,376,684Barbados276,607Belize262,999Bermuda63,960Bot swana1,591,232British Virgin Islands21,272Brunei350,898Cameroon16,184,748Canada31,902,268Cayman Islands36,273Cook Islands20,811Cyprus767,314Dominica70,158England49,138,831Falkland Islands2,967Fiji856,346Gambia1,455,842Ghana20,244,154Gibraltar27,714Grenada89,211Guernsey64,587Guyana698,209Hong Kong7,303,334India1,045,845,226Isle of Man76,535Jamaica2,680,029Jersey89,775Kenya31,138,735Kiribati96,335Lesotho2,207,954Malawi10,701,824Malaysia22,662,365Maldives320,165Malta397,499Mauritius1,200,206Montserrat8,437Mozambique19,607,519Namibia1,820,916Nauru12,329New Zealand3,908,037Nigeria129,934,911Niue2,134Norfolk Islands1,866Northern Ireland1,685,267Pakistan147,663,429Papua New Guinea5,172,033Samoa178,631Scotland5,062,011Seychelles80,098Sierra Leone5,614,743Singapore4,452,732Solomon Islands494,786South Africa43,647,658Sri Lanka19,576,783St Helena7,367St Kitts43054St Lucia150,157St Vincent ; The Grenadines120,519Swaziland1,123,605Tanzania37,187,939Tonga106,137Trinidad ; Tobago1,163,724Turks ; C alcos18,738Tuvalu11,146Uganda24,699,073Vanuatu196,178Wales2,903,085Zambia9,959,037Zimbabwe11,376,676Now that I have both the data for the countries population sizes and the amounts of medals awarded to them, I can test my theory in a pilot test.I will select ten different samples from the finite population that I collected using stratified random sampling. By saying random, I mean that the out coming country cannot be predicted and is chosen without conscious decision.There are many types of sampling that can be done including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling, quota sampling, convenience sampling and opinion polls.Simple Random Sampling In this type of sampling, every sample unit within the population has an equal chance of being chosen.Stratified Sampling For this type of sampling, the population is divided into strata (categories) and then a random sample is chosen from each of the strata within the population. The size of each s ample is in proportion to the size of each stratum (category) within the population.Systematic Sampling As the name suggests, systematic sampling is where a regular pattern is devised to choose the sample. Every item in the population is listed and a starting point is chosen at random, with every nth item being selected.Cluster Sampling For cluster sampling, the population is divided into groups, or like the name suggested clusters. A random sample of groups or clusters is chosen and every item in the chosen cluster is surveyed.Quota Sampling In quota sampling, instructions are given concerning the amount (quota) of each section of the population to be sampled.Convenience Sampling Convenience sampling is by far the easiest sampling to make as it is, as the name suggests, convenient. The most convenient sample is chosen which for thirty countries, could be the first thirty countries in the list.Opinion Polls Opinion polls, as the name suggests are large-scale opinion polls that often use a combination of cluster and quota sampling.As you can see, stratified sampling is the most suited type of sampling that I can use. Stratification of sampling is necessary when the sampling frame is significantly non-homogeneous (which tends to be true of most human populations and I believe is true of this exercise). Some characteristics will be shared but most will be influenced by cultural, socio-economic, gender, religious and ethnic differences. For example, I believe that countries in the developing world (e.g. Zimbabwe, Malaysia), who do not have the benefit of the intense training that athletes in the developed world (e.g. England, Australia) endure, will not win as many medals.Firstly, I will categorise each the population into stratum. I will do this by using the method in which the Commonwealth Games website used separating each country into that countrys locality (Asia, Oceania, Europe, Caribbean and the Americas).Below are the strata that I have made:LOCALITY COUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)AmericasBelize262,999Bermuda63,960Canada31,902,268Falkland Islands2,967Guyana698,209St Helena7,367AfricaBotswana1,591,232Cameroon16,184,748Gambia1,455,842Ghana20,244,154Kenya31,138,735Lesotho2,207,954Malawi10,701,824Mauritius1,200,206Mozambique19,607,519Namibia1,820,916Nigeria129,934,911Seychelles80,098Sierra Leone5,614,743South Africa43,647,658Swaziland1,123,605Uganda24,699,073Tanzania37,187,939Zambia9,959,037Zimbabwe11,376,676AsiaBangladesh133,376,684Brunei350,898India1,045,845,226Malaysia22,662,365Maldives320,165Pakistan147,663,429Singapore4,452,732Sri Lanka19,576,783CaribbeanAnguilla12,446Antigua and Barbuda67,448Bahamas300,529Barbados276,607British Virgin Islands21,272Cayman Islands36,273Dominica70,158Grenada89,211Jamaica2,680,029Montserrat8,437St Kitts43,054St Lucia150,157St Vincent ; The Grenadines120,519Trinidad ; Tobago1,163,724Turks ; Calcos18,738EuropeEngland49,138,831Cyprus767,314Gibraltar27,714Guernsey64,587Isle of Man76,535Jersey89,775Malta397,4 99Northern Ireland1,685,267Scotland5,062,011Wales2,903,085OceaniaAustralia19,546,792Cook Islands20,811Fiji856,346Kiribati96,335Nauru12,329New Zealand3,908,037Niue2,134Norfolk Islands1,866Papua New Guinea5,172,033Samoa178,631Solomon Islands494,786Tonga106,137Tuvalu11,146Vanuata196,178Now that I have made the strata, I can now take samples from them. Before I can do this, I must determine the number of samples that will be chosen from each stratum -Samples to be taken from the Americas = ? (American Strata) x 50? (Population)= 6 x 5072= 0.083 x 50= 4.16= 4To avoid any confusion, I truncated the answer, which means that I simply cut off the decimal. This will negate any rounding errors that may occur. I will do this for each of the other strata.Now that I have determined the number of samples to be chosen from the Americas, I must use a way to decide which sample will be chosen. In order to do this, I will use the random number generator on my calculator. The random number generator ch ooses, at random, a decimal number. Then I must simply multiply that number by the number of sample units that there are within that stratum. Since if you were to get a small decimal, when you multiplied it by any integer, the answer will be less that 1 so therefore, I will add 1 to the answer. Seeing that the random number generator will only give me a number, I will have to label each of the sample units within the strata. Below are the listings that I have created for the Americas -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGAmericasBelize262,9991Bermuda63,9602Canada31,902,2683Falkland Islands2,9674Guyana698,2095St Helena7,3676Now that I have created a listing for each sample unit, I will use the random number generator in order to pick a unit at random. Now I must do this four different times.1st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 6) + 1= (0.81 x 6) + 1= 4.86 + 1= 5.86= 52nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 6) + 1= (0.112 x 6) + 1= 0.672 + 1= 1.672= 13rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 6) + 1= (0.381 x 6) + 1= 2.286 + 1= 3.286= 34th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 6) + 1= (0.785 x 6) + 1= 4.71+ 1= 5.71= 5As you can see, 5 has appeared once already, so I must try again -4th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 6) + 1= (0.638 x 6) + 1= 3.828 + 1= 4.428= 4Now that I have chosen the sample units to be chosen, which are 5,1,3,4, I can now translate those numbers to the countries, Guyana, Belize, Canada and Falkland Islands.Since I have chosen the sample units that will be chosen from the Americas, I will now choose the sample units for Africa. But first, I will need to create a listing for Africa, much like I did for the Americas -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGAfricaBotswana1,591,2321Cameroon16,184,7482Gambia1,455,8423Ghana20,244,1544Kenya31,138,7355Lesotho2,207,9546Malawi10,701,8247Mauritius1,200,2068Mozambique19,607,5199Namibia1,820,91610Nigeria129,934,91111Seychelles80,09812Sierra Leone5,614,74313South Africa43,647 ,65814Swaziland1,123,60515Uganda24,699,07316Tanzania37,187,93917Zambia9,959,03718Zimbabwe11,376,67619Now I will need to find out how many samples will need to be taken from this stratum -Samples to be taken from the Africa = ? (Africa Strata) x 50? (Population)= 19 x 5072= 0.2638 x 50= 13.19= 13Therefore, I will need to choose 13 different samples from the stratum -1st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 13.319 + 1= 14.319= 142nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 1.387 + 1= 2.387= 23rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 18.131 + 1= 19.131= 194th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 10.051 + 1= 11.051= 115th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 8.018 + 1= 9.018= 96th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 15.884 + 1= 16.884= 167th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 16.562 + 1= 17.562= 178th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 0.114 + 1= 1.114= 19th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 2.66 + 1= 3.66= 310th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 4.218 + 1= 5.218= 511th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 11.628 + 1= 12.628= 1212th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 17.043 + 1= 18.043= 1813th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 19) + 1= 12.065 + 1= 13.065= 13As you can see, I have chosen the four different sample units to be chosen, which translates to the countries, South Africa, Cameroon, Tanzania, Nigeria, Mozambique, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Gambia, Kenya, Seychelles, Zambia and Sierra Leone.Now, like Africa and the Americas, I will label the different countries for Asia -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGAsiaBangladesh133,376,6841Brunei350,8982India1,045,845,2263Malaysia22,662,3654Maldives320,1655Pakistan147,663,4296Singapore4,452,7327Sri Lanka19,576,7838Samples to be taken from the Asia = ? (Asia Strata) x 50? (Population)= 8 x 5072= 0.111 x 50= 5.555= 51st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 8) + 1 = 1.464 + 1= 2.464= 22nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 8) + 1= 2.416 + 1= 3.416= 33rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 8) + 1= 7.704 + 1= 8.704= 84th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 8) + 1= 4.632 + 1= 5.632= 55th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 8) + 1= 0.704 + 1= 1.704= 1These numbers translate to the countries, Brunei, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Bangladesh.Now I must repeat the procedure for the Caribbean -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGCaribbeanAnguilla12,4461Antigua and Barbuda67,4482Bahamas300,5293Barbados276,6074British Virgin Islands21,2725Cayman Islands36,2736Dominica70,1587Grenada89,2118Jamaica2,680,0299Montserrat8,43710St Kitts43,05411St Lucia150,15712St Vincent ; The Grenadines120,51913Trinidad ; Tobago1,163,72414Turks ; Calcos18,73815Samples to be taken from the Caribbean = ? (Caribbean Strata) x 50? (Population)= 15 x 5072= 0.208 x 50= 10.416= 101st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 5.025 + 1= 6.025= 62nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 10.845 + 1= 11.845= 113rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 8.94 + 1= 9.94= 94th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 11.715 + 1= 12.715= 125th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 0.39 + 1= 4.39= 46th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 9.135 + 1= 10.135= 107th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 0.315 + 1= 1.315= 18th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 7.485 + 1= 8.485= 89th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 14.685 + 1= 15.685= 1510th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 15) + 1= 13.425 + 1= 14.425= 14These numbers translate to the countries, Cayman Islands, St Kitts, Montserrat, St Lucia, Barbados, Jamaica, Anguilla, Grenada, Turks ; Calcos and Trinidad ; TobagoNow I will do the same for Europe -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGEuropeEngland49,138,8311Cyprus767,3142Gibraltar27,7143Guernsey64,5874Isle of Man76,5355Jersey89,7756Malta3 97,4997Northern Ireland1,685,2678Scotland5,062,0119Wales2,903,08510Samples to be taken from Europe = ? (Europe Strata) x 50? (Population)= 10 x 5072= 0.138 x 50= 6.944= 61st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 9.83 + 1= 10.83= 102nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 6.26 + 1= 7.26= 73rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 4.18 + 1= 5.18= 54th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 2.2 + 1= 3.2= 35th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 5.83 + 1= 6.83= 66th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 10) + 1= 7.21 + 1= 8.21= 8These numbers translate to the countries, Wales, Malta, the Isle of Man and Gibraltar, Jersey and Northern Ireland.I must now repeat the procedure once more for the region of Oceania -LOCALITYCOUNTRYPOPULATION (2002)NUMBER LISTINGOceaniaAustralia19,546,7921Cook Islands20,8112Fiji856,3463Kiribati96,3354Nauru12,3295New Zealand3,908,0376Niue2,1347Norfolk Islands1,8668Papua New Guinea5,172,0339Samoa178,63110Solomo n Islands494,78611Tonga106,13712Tuvalu11,14613Vanuata196,17814Samples to be taken from Oceania = ? (Oceania Strata) x 50? (Population)= 14 x 5072= 0.194 x 50= 9.722= 91st sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 1.064 + 1= 2.064= 22nd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 7.938 + 1= 8.938= 83rd sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 6.384 + 1= 7.384= 74th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 13.636 + 1= 14.636= 145th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 5.936 + 1= 6.936= 66th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 10.64 + 1= 11.64= 117th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 4.86 + 1= 5.86= 58th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 12.838 + 1= 13.838= 139th sample unit to be chosen = (Random # x 14) + 1= 2.428 + 1= 3.428= 3These numbers translate to the countries, the Cook Islands, Norfolk Islands, Niue, Vanuata, New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, Nauru, Tuvalu and Fiji.I have now collected all of the sampl es that I will be using. Below is the complete listing of the countries that I have chosen through the random number generator and through stratified sampling -REGIONCOUNTRYAmericasGuyanaBelizeCanadaFalkland IslandsAfricaSouth AfricaCameroonZimbabweNigeriaMozambiqueUgandaTanzaniaBotswanaGambiaKenyaSeychellesZambiaSierra LeoneAsiaBruneiIndiaSri LankaMaldivesBangladeshCaribbeanCayman IslandsSt KittsMontserratSt LuciaBarbadosJamaicaAnguillaGrenadaTurks ; CalcosTrinidad ; TobagoEuropeWalesMaltaIsle of ManGibraltaJerseyNorthern IrelandOceanaCook IslandsNorfolk IslandsNiueVanuataNew ZealandSolomon IslandsNauruTuvaluFijiNOTE: There are 47 countries here instead of the originally intended 50. This is because of errors in truncating the number of samples to be taken.Now I shall compare each countrys population with their amount of total number of medals awarded -CountryAverage No. of Medals AwardedPopulation SizeGuyana0698,209Belize0262,999Canada10931,902,268Falkland Islands02,967South Afric a3843,647,658Cameroon816,184,748Zimbabwe411,376,676Nigeria13129,934,911Mozambique119,607,519Uganda224,699,073Tanzania237,187,939Botswana11,591,232Gambia01,455,842Kenya1631,138,735Seychelles180,098Zambia29,959,037Sierra Leone05,614,743Brunei0350,898India461,045,845,226Sri Lanka119,576,783Maldives0320,165Bangladesh0133,376,684Cayman Islands036,273St Kitts043,054Montserrat08,437St Lucia0150,157Barbados1276,607Jamaica112,680,029Anguilla012,446Grenada089,211Turks Calcos018,738Trinidad Tobago21,163,724Wales212,903,085Malta0397,499Isle of Man076,535Gibraltar027,714Jersey089,775Northern Ireland61,685,267Cook Islands020,811Norfolk Islands01,866Niue02,134Vanuata0196,178New Zealand403,908,037Solomon Islands0494,786Nauru812,329Tuvalu011,146Fiji2856,346Now I must compare this data. In order to this, I will do a scatter graph.

What Were The Causes of The 1905 Revolution The Consequences of The Uprising Essays

What Were The Causes of The 1905 Revolution The Consequences of The Uprising Essays What Were The Causes of The 1905 Revolution The Consequences of The Uprising Paper What Were The Causes of The 1905 Revolution The Consequences of The Uprising Paper In January 1905 Russia was thrown into revolution triggered by the events of Bloody Sunday. The causes for the revolution are a mix of long term problems and short term causes that made them all surface at one time. Also they were many consequences from this event on the people, Tsar and Russia itself. The causes of the 1905 revolution in Russia can be traced back as far as 1861. The Tsar was the ruler of Russia and ruled by autocracy at a time when Europe as a whole was becoming more democratic and liberal. Russia was very much medieval in the 19th century in the fact that Serfdom still existed. The Serfs were peasants who were owned by the Tsar, according to law. 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This created greater awareness amongst the people and a liberal class of Intelligencia was set up. They wanted Russia to become democratic and opposed the Tsars autocratic rule and later became known as the Kadets. Their opposition towards him was a long term cause of the revolution. The Kadets went about achieving their aims through conventional methods, whilst there were extremist groups, such as The Peoples Will. They felt Alexander II had abandoned his earlier liberalizing policies and assassinated him in a bomb attack in 1881. The turn of events meant that Alexander III, the Tsars son, became Tsar even though he was regarded as too young and out of touch with the people to rule Russia. Firstly he sentenced the 5 assassins to death and then ushered in an era where all the previous freedoms granted by his father were abolished, as he felt they were the reason for his fathers death. This caused great tension amongst the peasants, liberals and revolutionaries as they felt bitter about Russia taking a step backwards into medieval times. This lack of democracy given to the people was a major cause for the revolution. Alexander III did not agree with his fathers reforms and when he came to power in 1881, he set about suppressing the peasants and all opposition to the Tsars. His Russification policy forced Russian culture on the 50 million non-Russians in the empire. The Jews also suffered greatly under his reign as Pogroms were organised attacks on the Jews which forced many to emigrate. Censorship was also increased and the freedom of universities was reduced. Alexanders mistakes lay in the fact that the people had got a taste of freedom under his father, and now he was taking it away again. Revolution was impending. There were many groups seeking revolution, with the main power being the Social Revolutionaries (SRs). During Alexanders reign extremist opposition to the autocracy also fermented. The Narodniks attempted to rally the peasants against the Tsar, but failed because of class differences. However, the Narodniks were to progress despite this initial failure and they became very influential in the 20th century in the form of he Bolsheviks. 1893-1903 was a time known as the great spurt. This was stimulated by the reforms of Sergei Witte, minister of finance. He believed in making Russian industries efficient as the best way to bring it to the level of industrialisation seen in Western Europe. He achieved his aims through heavily taxing the peasants, who were already paying redemption payments on land given to them under the Emancipation Act of 1861. This caused discontent amongst the peasants and edging them closer to revolution. Peasants flocked to the cities during the great spurt as jobs became available which were more rewarding than agriculture. This then created slums full of peasants with too many people for too few jobs. The economic downturn of 1903 caused huge problems for these urbanised workers and their anger was a short term cause of the 1905 revolution. There was little productivity and hunger and poverty was rife and in January 1905 workers began to strike in factories. To divert attention away from his domestic problems and to expand Russia whilst acquiring an ice free port, Alexander III decided a swift military victory over an easy opponent would patriotically make the people unite and forget their grievances so he decided to start war with Japan. The Japanese turned out to be a very efficient and intelligent fighting force, whose navy comprehensively beat and embarrassed the Russian navy. This placed the Tsar on very weak political ground as he now had egg on his face from attempting to use war as a diversion from domestic strife. Russia didnt lose because of their soldiers performance, but because of their military leaders which the Tsar was one of. Military ranks were given based on wealth and prestige, not by military tactical skill. These two factors were short term causes of the revolution. A general strike in Russia occurred in 1905, with both urban and rural workers protesting together. Father Gapon led a group of workers to the Winter palace with a petition for reforms for the Tsar. The protest was a peaceful one and the workers carried portraits and candles for the Tsar. However, the guards shot at the people, killing one thousand and injuring thousands more. This action completely alienated the people and their loyalty to the Tsar was no more. It was the political activation of the masses. This massacre, known as Bloody Sunday was the spark that started the 1905 revolution. The fact that it was the Tsar who ordered the guards to shoot upon the protestors was significant as he was seen as the father of the people, thus the people felt bitter about his actions. This was the spark that ignited the revolution; hence it took one event for the people to do what some wanted to happen at least fifty years back, the overthrow of the Tsar. The Tsar had always been able to crush opposition as the main groups, middle class, peasants and workers werent united in their goals but now that for the first time they had become a united opposition force, signified by the Union of Unions whose aim was to form a broad-based alliance. Thus the Tsar faced huge problems and his government steadily lost control of events and the country was on the verge of anarchy as Social Revolutionaries and others instigated revolts country wide, strikes caused production to grind to a halt and bring the country to its knees economically. By October the Tsar was facing revolution against him so decided to concede to the forces of opposition and in doing so tried and successfully split them. By introducing the October Manifesto, in which he said all laws were to be approved by an elected duma, he satisfied the liberals, whose aim was to turn Russia into a constitutional monarchy, which it had seemed to achieve. The government then abolished land redemption payments, causing the peasants to be satisfied so only the workers were left as opposition. Returning troops stayed loyal and crushed the workers. There were many consequences of the revolution. By December 1905 many of the leading insurgents of the revolution were exiled to Serbia. As mentioned Russia was now a constitutional monarchy, in theory. The Tsar never intended to let the Duma have any power and able to attack him on the economy, so he a received a loan from France as a reward for reforming by introducing democracy. Now that he was safe financially and had a loyal army, he introduced the fundamental laws, in which he again stated that he alone was the ruler of Russia and all laws had to be approved by him, thus making the Duma insignificant before they first met in April-June 1906. Finance Minister, Sergei Witte was replaced due to suspicions of not being committed to the Tsar by Peter Stolypin, who became prime minister in 1906. He granted peasant out right ownership of their land. The Tsar was arguably in a stronger position than he was pre-revolution due to breaking up of opposition, satisfying peasants and exacted revenge on those who tried to topple him, this was the main consequence of the revolution. The 1905 Revolution was seen as many as the blueprint for the 1917 Revolution.

Development Of Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

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Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay Example for Free

Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary Essay What is a Physical Therapist do? Each of us has an important role in health care field whether a Pharmacist, Technician, Lab Scientist, Therapist, Nurses, Doctors, and other health care professionals. They have one purpose to provide the best quality of care to the patients with compassionate and respect. They are guided by the rules and guidelines set up by the state and federal government to maintain proper standards and update the techniques concerning healthcare delivery. Career Description. Physical therapists sometimes referred to as PTs, help people who have injuries or illnesses improve their movement and manage their pain (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). PT plays an important role in rehabilitation and gives treatment to the patients with chronic conditions or injuries. They diagnose the patients’ dysfunctional movements by watching them walk, stand, balance, coordination, strength, range of motion and many more. Physical therapists work as part of a healthcare team, overseeing the work of physical therapist assistants and aides and consulting with physicians and surgeons and other specialists (Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012). They work in wellness-programs to encourage everyone for more active lifestyles. They also establish appropriate plan of care, depending on the patients condition whether it is a neurological case, orthopedic case, sports injury, pediatrics, geriatrics, sports, and others. Services Provided. Physical therapist services are wide range from acute care hospital, sub-acute care, skilled nursing facility, home health, and outpatient care. Their work varies with the type of patients they serve. Orthopedic/Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation is one of the services they provided, whereas they focus on all types of musculoskeletal conditions of the entire spine and extremities. Another one is Vestibular Rehabilitation, which is more on balance, dizziness, motion sensitivity, and vertigo rehab. Workforce roles within the services and products. The rehabilitation team is composed of a physical therapist, physical therapist assistant and rehabilitation aide. Usually physical therapist is the head of the team with at least a bachelors, doctorate, or masters’ degree in physical therapy. They do the initial evaluations and assessment of the patient upon admission. They also establish the care plan (long-term goals and short-term, as well as set up the treatment guidelines and parameters. The PTA’s job is to carry out the treatment following the plan care set by the therapist, unless the treatment requires a specialization by a PT for example, manual mobilization, myofascial release techniques, and many more. The rehab aide’s job is to help maintain the rehab facility or gym. They could also assist in treatments with direct supervision by PT. They could also help by doing aftercare after the PT or PTA works with the patient, or do desk jobs like scheduling patients, whereas no degree or license is required to work as a rehab aide. Impact of Physical therapist on the health care organizations. The therapist importance and influence on the health care system is very crucial, by doing therapy they help and guide the patients to return on their prior level of function and achieve their max potential. They also help prevent re-injury because of poor management of the healing process, by setting up the right exercises, depending on the patients level, stage of healing, and comorbidities that comes with the patient. Therapist also help by giving an alternative form of disease healing and pain management, for example a patient who has arthritic pain on B knees that has been dependent on strong pain medicine. Therapy can use physical agents and modalities, like heat, cold, ultrasound, and right amount of exercises to engage week muscles and promote improved mobility. Conclusion Health care providers have different roles in health care industry. Each of them has a special purpose on how to give a better treatment, care, and diagnosis to the patients. Through proper education and training, they will be able to provide what the patients needs. Health care professionals have one goal, which is to make the patient better and help them live a quality and healthy life. Appendix A: Figure 1 Diagram of Physical Therapist roles and functions in the health care community. Figure 1 describe as the role of MD, PT, PTA, and rehab aide with regard to patient care. First the referring MD makes the prescription for the patient to be admitted to physical therapy. The physical therapist checks the prescription initiate evaluation, assessment, and establish plan of care. The PT could proceed with the treatment himself or pass to the PTA. The PTA’s job is to initiate the treatment program following the goals and treatment parameters set up by the PT. Rehab aide assist the PT or PTA during treatment and helps with scheduling patient visits as well as monitor insurance coverage for the patient. References Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012, April 6). What Physical Therapists Do. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Healthcare/Physical-therapists.htm#tab-2 PT1. (2013). Physical Therapy One. Retrieved from http://www.physicaltherapyone.net/services

Language, Action and Time in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay

Language, Action and Time in Waiting for Godot Twenty-two hundred years before the emergence of the Theater of the Absurd, the Greek philosopher Artistotle stumbled upon one of the themes developed in Samuel Beckett's play Waiting for Godot; that is, that Thought (Dianoia) is expressed through Diction and that Thought (Theoria) is in itself a form of Action (Energeia). Intellectual action is thus measured equally in comparison to physical action. Over the centuries, theories regarding thought, action and language have evolved considerably, but certain underlying themes in Beckett's unconventional work can trace their origins back to Aristotle's original concepts concerning drama, namely the relationships between language, thought and the action involved in contemplation. Aristotle proposes that Thought and Diction imitate Action. In Beckett's Waiting for Godot, it is possible to see a similar pattern (that when taken a step further is no longer linear but circular), in which Language permits the existence of Thought which in turn becomes vicarious Action. (Ironically, this whole process which is portrayed by Beckett on-stage is equivalent to the art of theater itself which, manifested through language, permits the audience offstage, whose witnessing of a play replaces imagining it, to undergo the same process in acting vicariously through the characters.) The first and more interesting part of the process is best illustrated by the ending of both acts when Vladimir, and then Estragon, says "Yes, let's go" and the stage directions indicate "They do not move". It suffices simply to say and subsequently to think of leaving, for there is no more meaning in the vicarious action than in its actual physical manifestation. ... ... Vladimir who comments about the condition of Estragon's feet: "There's man all over for you, blaming on his boots the faults of his feet." The boots represent god, for each is an external object that man contrives to protect himself. Beckett is saying that man should not blame the devices that he creates when they fail to protect him from himself, but should rather accept the responsibility for their failure as he is the creator of those devices. If god does not fill man's existential void, instead of hopelessly waiting for that unreliable god to come and rescue him, he should consider looking to himself to resolve the problem of the meaninglessness of his life. Bibliography Aristotle. Poetics. Tr. S.H. Butler. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977 Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove Press, 1954 Durozoi, GÃ ©rald. Beckett. Paris: Bordas, 1972

Assessing different approaches to customer service

For my Customer Service Unit I will be interviewing two leisure centres, College of St. Mark and St. John and the Mayflower leisure Centre. I have chosen these two centres because they are slightly different and I thought it would be interesting to see how different companies have different customer service. The College of St. Mark and St. John is in Derriford, Plymouth. It covers a very large area and its facilities include a 25 metre indoor heated swimming pool, a fitness suite, two squash courts, a fully equipped gymnasium, three sports halls, each with four badminton courts and a specialist built-in rock-climbing wall, computing facilities, and an outdoor pursuits centre. In addition to extensive playing fields, there is a full size all-weather floodlit pitch for top level hockey and football. A smaller all-weather surface accommodates tennis and provides a good training surface all year round. In addition to this there is a 36m. square sports hall for participation in a variety of sports which is also large enough to accommodate Trade Fairs and other large events; a gymnasium for martial arts, aerobics, ‘step' and tone & trim classes; a standard size sports hall available for volleyball, basketball, badminton; 2 squash courts and a Fitness Suite with up to date cardiovascular and weight training equipment. Although this sports centre is within the college, it is open to any member of the public, not just the students at the college. The Mayflower Leisure Centre is situated in Central Park, Plymouth. It is quite old and may need to be revamped within the next few years. It's facilities include a fitness suite which has treadmills, cross trainers, climbers, bikes, rowers and resistance machines and it also has squash courts, indoor bowls and sun beds. There are two sports halls, one is a 5-a-side football hall and the other is a multi purpose sports hall, which can house badminton, volleyball, basketball, short tennis and dry board diving. The College of St. Mark and St. John is a sports college therefore it has numerous amounts of sports facilities. The college is a Church of England voluntary college, with a history of over 150 years and it moved from London to Plymouth in 1973. The Mayflower Leisure Centre is quite old, as I mentioned previously but is the most well used public sector leisure facility in the area. It works in close partnership with the Central Park Swimming Pool which is it's neighbouring building. To find out the information I want, I am going to visit each venue for an interview. For letter, see Appendix 1. I am going to ask them several questions on different topics to find out as much as I can about the Customer Service in their establishment. For questions, see Appendix 2. I will then analyse the answers of the questions and compare the two companies to see who has the best customer service.

Congo s Political And Economic Structure Of A Country

A third world country does not necessarily mean a country that is primitive, underdeveloped or poor as many people think. Personally, I interpret the term as the political and economic structure of a country. Because if a country’s governing is poor, nothing works for the citizens. Some countries are listed among the third world countries, yet they are rich. Congo for example, has minerals like gold, (3’Ts) tin, tantalum, tungsten; these are minerals that power our computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices. In my opinion, Congo should not be considered a third world country because it has what other nations use and get rich. Congo’s minerals are doing more harm than good because it keeps bringing conflict that disorganizes the nation. Congo’s mineral wealth should be a source of prosperity and stability of Congolese people not the source of exportation and violence. Congo‘s vast natural resources have been the reason to all of the conflict throughout Congo’s tortured history. Congo’s government structure is so disorganized that the minerals causes’ conflict that ends in violence. As a result, it has become a center of the war and violence. Women became victims of the war by being raped as a weapon to intimidate and gain control of the local population that live near by the mines. I have been to Congo several times, but it’s difficult to get transportation. Instead of using its natural resources to develop by building roads, hospitals, clean drinking water andShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Conflict of the Republic of the Congo1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe conflict in the Republic of Congo can generally be attributed to a lack of democracy. The lack of democracy has developed an unfair supply of resources and corruption amongst government officials. Corruption in government slows the economic growth for all societies. The government is weak, and the judicial system is vulnerable against larg e political interference. Political conflict and the damage of social and economic structure have destroyed the economy. Corruption among government officialsRead MoreDemography s Classic Transition Theory1464 Words   |  6 PagesDemography s classic-transition theory furthers the modernization narrative that is central to this argument. The theory presents a three-phase timeline to explain the reproductive history of all nations. Countries begin in the pre-transition phase where high mortality and high birth rates create slow population growth, which is considered a traditional society. The second phase is the transition where slowing mortality rates and high birth rates produce raid population growth. 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Developed countries like the United States and Great Britain took important steps in their history to move towards inclusive institutions, while nations like the Congo and North Korea continue to maintain extractive institutionsRead MoreSierra Leone : Corrupt From Blood Diamonds1334 Words   |  6 PagesSierra Leone: Corrupt from Blood Diamonds Isn’t the invention of the cotton gin beautiful, almost a miracle that it could produce more cotton without as much work there was to be executed? This was true, until slave owners in the 1800’s decided to buy even more slaves to increase their profits more than ever before, much like how the industry of blood diamonds worked. Blood diamonds have erupted to the scene as a major problem in the African nation known as Sierra Leone, causing the major issueRead MoreEssay about Horror and Tragedy in The Congo3980 Words   |  16 Pagesand tragedy in the Congo, beginning with the brutal and exploitative regime of King Leopold II of Belgium, and culminating with the downfall of one of Africa’s most influential figures, Patrice Lumumba. The Congo is but one example of the greater phenomenon of European occupation of Africa. The legacy of this period gives rise to persistent problems in the Congo and throughout Africa. Understanding the roots and causes of this even t, as focused through the lense of the Congo, is the subject ofRead MoreAfrican Colonialism During Post Colonial Colonialism2100 Words   |  9 PagesIt is evident that European colonialism had deeply affected the political system within post-colonial Africa. 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Whenever a western country was involved with the economy of an outside country, There were many reasons for ImperialismRead MoreEssay about Modern History - Decline and Fall of the Romanov1156 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria. Pressured Nicholas to preserve autocracy. Autocracy: Russian 1900’s – Tsar + family ruled completely – no democracy. King was religious AND political leader: - Divine rule (put on Earth by God to govern). Tsar was â€Å"appointed by God† to rule as his representative on Earth. Most countries = constitutional monarchy – power shift monarchyï‚ ®people. Russian Empire 1900’s: Political, Social Grievances. Largest country in the world geographically – size equates to word power. - Concerned withRead MoreHistory Of Rwanda And The Genocide1579 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity who shared some value culture and even religion until the colonialist announced their arrival. Rwanda has experienced a disturbing and prolonged cycle of violent conflict since 1959. The conflict which has been characteristically political and socio-economic in nature has played out mainly on the basis of ethnicity and regionalism. It was first German and Belgium colonialism that created and nurtured the country’s ethnic rivalry between the majority Hutu and the minority Tutsi. The rivalry

Ronald Wilson Reagan Took Office On January 20Th, 1981.

Ronald Wilson Reagan took office on January 20th, 1981. Reagan served from 1981 to 1989. He served two terms and was president from 1981- 1989. President Reagan defeated Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election and Walter Mondale in the 1984 election. He ran his first campaign mostly on President Carter s shortcomings and failures. His campaign slogan was, Are you better off than you were four years ago? His other slogan was, Lets make America great again. This clearly shows that his campaign strategy was mostly based on how America took a turn for the worst during Carter s first term. He talked about how Carter dealt with the Iranian Hostage Crisis so poorly, which led to national embarrassment. Reagan promised an economic revival that†¦show more content†¦I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent s youth and inexperience. Walter Mondale ran a liberal campaign, he supported a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment. Mondale spoke against what he consider ed to be unfairness in Reagan s economic policies and the need to reduce federal budget deficits. The main issues of the election were, economic recovery, education and the federal budget. While Mondale criticized Reagan for cutting the federal budget for federal programs and education. Reagan however, had more public support with his education policy of merit pay. Reagan won the election because he had gained popularity for helping spur economic growth and lower unemployment. He also had very smart advertisements that helped him have a better view among Americans. President Reagan worked skillfully to pass his legislation in congress. He worked with a Democratic majority house to pass legislation. Reagan s support for an increased defense budget at the height of the Cold War was supported by Congressional Democrats and Republicans. However, Congress was reluctant, yet followed through with Reagan s proposed cuts in domestic programs. In accordance with Reagan s less-government intervention views, many domestic government programs were cut or experienced periods of reduced funding during his presidency. One important lawShow MoreRelatedRonald Regan: A Brief Biography731 Words   |  3 PagesRonald Reagan once said â€Å"What I’d really like to do is go down in history as Michelle President who made Americans believe in Michellemselves again.† (World Book Encyclopedia, 185) Reagan first rose to prominence in Michelle United States as a popular film actor. He Michellen turned to politics and became governor of Michelle state of California. That led eight years as Michelle president of Michelle United States. Through it all, Reagan emerged as one of Michelle most popular and influential AmericansRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pageswas the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493, during his second voyage. 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Alzheimer s Disease ( Ad ) Is A Neurodegenerative...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects the memory function, which is a huge public health concern among the elderly population. It has affected more than five million individuals in the United States and that number is expected to quadruple by the 2050 if interventions are not found. AD has a huge affect on the world not only by the number of deaths that it is causing but also the amount of health care costs reaching around 100 billion dollars. Because of the increase of AD throughout the globe, the aging population should consider the intake of certain vitamins and nutrients in their daily lives to possibly reduce or prevent the onset of AD. Nutritional factors and nutritional deficiencies have a very strong correlation with cognitive decline as illustrated throughout the study done by Angelo Parigi, Francesco Panza, Cristiano Capurso, and Vincenzo Solfrizzi. Ones dietary habits and nutritional deficiencies have a huge determining factor on co gnitive impairment on an individual with AD. B vitamins have a relationship with cognitive dysfunction in many observational studies as well as clinical and epidemiological studies. Another type of vitamin that was found to correspond with cognitive impairment is folate (B9) and cobalamine (B12), the studies that were done on these two types of vitamins did find the determinants with cognitive impairment in AD. The elderly populations is among the highest at risk for nutritional deficiencies, withShow MoreRelatedThe Pathology Of Alzheimer s Disease1224 Words   |  5 PagesA neurodegenerative disease is when the central nervous system progressively deteriorates thus causing nervous system dysfunction. Neurodegenerative conditions are characterised by the change in the neurone function within the brain cells. Alzheimers disease(AD) can be classified as a neurodegenerative disorder, (Griffin W.S.T 2006). 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The History of Hip Hop free essay sample

The History of Hip Hop Introduction Hip hop music is a style of popular music. It is usually composed of two elements: rapping (also known as emceeing) and Digging. When combined with break dancing and graffiti art, these are the four components of hip hop, a cultural movement which began In New York City In the asses, predominantly by African Americans and Latino. [l] The term rap music is sometimes used synonymously with hip hop music. Though it is also used to refer specifically to the practice of rapping.Origins of hip hop The roots of hip hop are found In West African and African-American music. The grits of West Africa are a group of traveling singers and poets, whose musical style is reminiscent of hip hop. Within New York City, grist-like performances of poetry and music by artists such as The Last Poets and Jackal Mansard Unhurried had a great Impact on the post-civil rights era culture of the asses and asses. HIP hop arose during the 1 sass when block parties became common in New York City, especially the Bronx. Block parties were usually accompanied by music, especially funk and soul music. The early Des at block parties began Isolating the percussion breaks to hit songs, legalizing that these were the most dance-able and entertaining parts; this technique was then common in Jamaica and had spread via the substantial Jamaican immigrant community in New York City, especially the godfather of hip hop, DC Cool Here. Dub had arisen in Jamaica due to the influence of American sailors and radio stations playing RB, Large sound systems were set up to accommodate poor Jamaican, who couldnt afford to buy records, and dub developed at the sound system.Here was one of the most popular Des in early ass New York, and he quickly switched room using reggae records to funk, rock and, later, disco, since the New York audience did not particularly Like reggae. Because the percussive breaks were generally short, Here and other Des began extending them using an audio mixer and two records. Mixing and scratching techniques eventually developed along with the breaks. (The same techniques con tributed to the popularization of remixes. Later Des such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakfast, Including cutting. [citation needed] As in dub, performers began speaking while the music played; hose were originally called Masc.; Here focused primarily on Digging, and began working with two Masc., Coke La Rock and Clark Kent-?this was the first emcee crew, Cool Here the Hercules. Originally, these early rappers focused on Introducing themselves and others in the audience (the origin of the still common practice of shouting out on hip hop records).These early performers often emceed for hours at a time, with some improvisation and a simple four-count beat, along with a basic chorus to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (such as one, two, three, hall, to the beat, hall). Later, the Masc. grew more varied In their vocal and rhythmic approach, Incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort at differentiating FIFO rhyming lyrics from African American culture (see roots of hip hop music), such as the dozens. While Cool Here the Hercules were the first hip hoppers to gain major fame in New York, more emcee teams quickly sprouted up. Frequently, these were collaborations between former gang members, such as Afrikaans Bombasts Universal Zulu Nation (now a large, international organization). Melee Mel, a rapper/ wrist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an MS. During the early asses, break dancing arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style.The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in Beat Street. Origin of The Term Hip Hop Coinage of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, a rapper with Grandmaster Flash the Furious Five. Though Lovable Stark, Keith Cowboy, and DC Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap, it is believed hat Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had Just Joined the US Army, by scat singing the words hip/hop/hip/hop in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly copied by other artists; for example the opening of the song Rappers Delight by The Sugarbird Gang. Former Black Spades gang member Africa Bumboat is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture that hip hop music belongs to, although it is also suggested hat the term was originally derisively used against the new type of music. Diversification of styles in the later part of the decade In the mid-asses, hip hop split into two factions.One sampled disco and focused on getting the crowd dancing and excited, with simple or no rhymes; these Des included Pete DC Jones, Eddie Achebe, DC Hollywood and Love Bug Stark. On the other hand, another group were focusing on rapid-fire rhymes and a more complex rhythmic scheme. These included Africa Bumboat, Paul Winkle, Grandmaster Flash and Bobby Robinson. As the ass became the asses, many felt that hip hop was a novelty ad that would s oon die out. This was to become a constant accusation for at least the next fifteen years.Some of the earliest rappers were novelty acts, using the themes to Sailings Island and using sweet do hop-influenced harmonies. With the advent of recorded hip hop in the late asses, all the major elements and techniques of the genre were in place. Though not yet mainstream, it was well-known among African Americans, even outside of New York City; hip hop could be found in cities as diverse as Los Angels, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Dallas, Kansas City, Miami, Seattle, SST. Louis, New Orleans, and Houston.Philadelphia was, for many years, the only city whose contributions to hip hop were valued as greatly as New York Citys by hip hop purists and critics. Hip hop was popular there at least as far back as 1976 (first record: Rhythm Talk, by Cocky Henderson in 1979), and the New York Times dubbed Philly the Graffiti Capital of the World in 1971, due to the influence of such legendary graffiti artists as Cornbr ead. The first female solo artist to record hip hop invent what became known as gangs rap.The asses The asses saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of asses emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Curtis Blow, whose appearance in a Sprite commercial made him the first hip hop musician to be considered mainstream enough to represent a major product, but also the first to be accused by the hip-hop audience of selling out.Another popular performer among mainstream audiences was EL Cool J, who was a success from the release of his first LIP, Radio. Hip hop was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the asses. During that decade, it began its spread to every inhabited continent and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, breakfasting became the first aspect of hip hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa, where the crew Black Noise established the practice before beginning to rap later in the decade.Meanwhile, recorded hip hop was released in France (Dee Nannys 1984 Panama City Rapping) and the Philippines (Doors Savers An Nosing Delight and Vincent Daffodils Annual). In Puerco Rice, Vice C became he first Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as regnant. Plasticization The first rap records (Fatback Bands King Tim Ill, Grandmaster Flashs Super Rapping' and The Sugarbird Gangs Rappers Delight) were actually recorded by live musicians in the studio, with the rappers adding their vocals later.This changed with DC records such as Grandmaster Flashs Adventures on the Wheels of Steel (known for pioneering use of scratching, which was invented by Granddaddy Theodore in 1977) as well as electronic recordings such a s Planet Rock by Africa Bumboat and Run Dams very basic, all electronic Sucker Macs and Peter Piper which contains genuine cutting by Run DIM member Jam Master Jay. These early innovators were based out of New York City, which remained the capital of hip hop during the asses. This style became known as East Coast hip hop. Grandmaster Flash the Furious Five released a message rap, called The Message, in 1982; this was one of the earliest examples of recorded hip hop with a socially aware tone. In 1984, Marble Marl accidentally caught a drum machine snare hit in the sampler; this innovation was vital in the development of electro and other eater types of hip hop. Popularization The mid-asses saw a flourishing of the first hip hop artists to achieve mainstream success, such as Curtis Blow (Curtis Blow), EL Cool J (Radio) and especially Run-D. M. C. Harry rapping in the first non-black hit to feature rapping, Rapture.EL Cool Gs Radio spawned a number of singles that entered the dance charts, peaking with l Can Give You More (#21). 1986 saw two hip hop acts in the Billboard Top Ten; Run-D. M. C. s Walk This Way collaboration with Aerostatic, and the Beastie Boys (You Goat) Fight for Your Right (To Party! ). The pop success of both singles was unheard of for the time; Walk This Way has proved especially memorable for its early mixture of hip hop and rock (though it was not the first such mixture), and it peaked at an unheard of #4 on the pop charts.Also, the mid-asses saw the rise of the first major black female group, Salt-N-Peep, who hit the charts with singles like The Show Stoops in 1985. Ice-TVs seminal an Dad Morning' (1986) is one of the first nationally successful West Coast hip hop singles, and is often said to be the beginning of gangs hip hop (along with School D, EL Cool J and N. W. A. ). In 1987, Public Enemy brought out their debut album (You! Bum Rush the Show) on Deaf Jam one of hip hops oldest and most important labels, and Boogie Down Productions followed up in 1988 with By All Means Necessary; both records pioneered wave of hard-edged politicized performers.The late asses saw a flourishing of like-minded rappers on both coasts, and Public Enemys It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back became surprisingly successful, despite its militant and confrontational tone, appearing on both the club and rap charts, and peaking at 17 and #11, respectively. Aside from the lyrical innovations, Public Enemys Terminator X (along with Eric B. , of Eric B. Raking) pioneered new techniques in sampling that resulted in dense, multi-layered sonic collages.The Rise of Gangs Rap The first gangs rap album to become a mainstream pop hit, selling more than 2. 5 million copies, was N. W. A. s Straight Auto Compton (1988). N. W. A. s controversial subject matter, including drugs, violence and sex, helped popularize what became known as gangs rap (said to have begun with Ice-TVs AN Dad Morning). Specifically, the song F*** That Police earned the foursome the enmity of law enforcement, resulting in a strongly-worded letter of discontent from the FBI. N. W. A. s most lasting impact, however, was placing the West Coast on the hip hop map.Diversification Though women, whites and Latino had long been a part of the hip hop scene, it was not until the asses that groups other than young African American males began creating popular, innovative and distinctive styles of hip hop music. The first rap recording by a solo female was Ph leadership-based Lady B. s To the Beat, HAWAII (1980), while The Sequence became the first female group to record. It was, not, however, until Salt-N-Peep in the middle of the decade that female performers gained mainstream success.The first groups to mix hip hop and heavy metal included sasss Rock Box (Run-D. M. C. ) and Rock Hard (Beastie Boys). Later in the decade, Ice-T and Anthrax were among the most innovative mixers of thrash introduced it to legions of new fans in the States and abroad. International spread Beginning in the early asses, hip hop culture began its spread across the world. By the end of the asses, popular hip hop was sold almost everywhere, and native performers were recording in most every country with a popular music industry.Elements of hip hop became fused with numerous styles of music, including raga, cambium and samba, for example. The Senegal embalm rhythm became a component of hip hop, while the United Kingdom and Belgium produced a variety of electronic music fusions of hip hop, most famously including British trip hop. Hip hop also spread to countries like Greece, Spain and Cuba in the asses, led in Cuba by the elf-exiled African American activist Unhanded Abidjan and aided by Fidel Castors government.In Japan, graffiti art and breakfasting had been popular since the early part of the decade, but many of those active in the scene felt that the Japanese language was unsuited for rapping; nevertheless, by the beginning of the asses, a wave of rappers emerged, including Tit Seeks, Chickadee Harsh, Tinnier Pun and Taking Kane. The New Zealand hip hop scene began in earnest in the late asses, when Maori performers like Upper Hut Posse and Dalmatians Prime began recording, gaining territory for lyrics that espoused tint reinvigorating (Maori sovereignty).The asses In the ass, gangs rap became mainstream, beginning in about 1992, with the release of Dry. Dress The Chronic. This album established a style called G Funk, which soon came to dominate West Coast hip hop. Later in the decade, record labels base d out of Atlanta, SST. Louis and New Orleans gained fame for their local scenes. By the end of the decade, especially with the success of Mine, hip hop was an integral part of popular music, and nearly all American pop songs had a major hip hop component. The rise of the West Coast After N. W. A. Broke up, Dry.Drew (a former member) released The Chronic (1992), which peaked at #1 on the RB/hip hop chart and #3 on the pop chart and spawned a #2 pop single in Nothing But a G Than. . The Chronic took West Coast rap in a new direction, influenced strongly by P funk artists, melding the psychedelic funky beats with slowly drawled lyrics-?this came to be known as G funk, and dominated mainstream hip hop for several years through a roster of artists on Death Row Records, including most popularly, Snoop Doggy Dog, whose Doggedly included Whats My Name and Gin and Juice, both Top Ten pop hits.Though West Coast artists eclipsed New York, some East Coast rappers achieved success. New York became dominated in terms of sales by Puff Daddy (No Way Out), Mass (Harlem World) and other Bad Boy Records artists, in spite of often scathing criticism for a perceived over-reliance on sampling and a general watered-down sound, aimed directly for pop markets. Other New York based artists continued with Rhymes (The Coming) and The Www-Tang Clan (Enter the Www-Tang (36 Chambers)), for example, received excellent reviews but generally mediocre or sporadic sales.The sales rivalry betwe en the East Coast and the West Coast eventually turned into a personal rivalry, aided in part by the music media. Many reporters were not aware that MS battles were an integral part of hip hop since its inception, and that, generally, little was meant by open taunts on albums and in performances. Nevertheless, the East Coast-West Coast rivalry grew, eventually resulting in the still unsolved deaths of Tuba Shaker and Notorious B. I. G Diversification of styles In the wake of declining sales following the deaths of both superstar artists, the sounds of hip hop were greatly diversified.Most important was the rise of Southern rap, starting with Outcast (Italians) and Goodie Mob (Soul Food), based out of Atlanta. Later, Master P (Ghetto D) built up an impressive roster of popular artists (the No Limit posse) based out of New Orleans and incorporating G funk and Miami bass influences, and distinctive regional sounds from SST. Louis, Chicago, Washington D. C. , Detroit (ghettos) and others began to gain some popularity. Also in the asses, rapport (a fusion of hip hop and heavy metal) became popular among mainstream audiences. Rage against the Machine, Link Park and Limp Bikini were among the cost popular rapport bands.Though Caucasian rappers like the Beastie Boys (Palls Boutique), Vanilla Ice (To the Extreme) and 3rd Bass (The Cactus Album) had had some popular success and/or critical acceptance from the hip hop community, Detroit-native Amines success, beginning in 1999 with the triple platinum The Slim Shady LIP, came as a surprise to many. Like most successful hip hop artists of the time, Mine came to be criticized for alleged glorification of violence, misogyny, and drug abuse, as well as homophobia and albums laced with constant profanity. ASSESIn the year 2000, The Marshall Matters LIP by Mine sold over nine million copies in the United States, and Knells debut LIP, Country Grammar, sold over six million copies. In the next several years, a wave of increasingly pop-oriented RB crossover acts, like Jag Rule and Destinys Child, dominated American popular music. It was not until the sudden breakthrough success of the hard-edged 50 Cent that hardcore hip hop returned to the pop charts. The United States also saw the rise of alternative hip hop in the form of moderately popular performers like The Roots, Dilated Peoples ND Moss Deaf, who achieved unheard-of success for their field.